Even with my background in scientific literature, this isn't a term I recall encountering often.
Fungal is a different matter of course, one that's almost certainly familiar to many here. Can't even think immediately of a scientific context in which I would encounter
fungoid, unless I delved into the wilder prairies of the protist literature, where all manner of single celled weirdness can drop up.
For those who, as a tangential diversion, want at least one example of said weirdness, try Warnowiids. These are single celled plants (related to dinoflagellate red algae), but, wait for it, have
eyes. Not just simple eye spots either, but eyes possessing
internal structure, in some cases considered to be comparable in sophistication to some vertebrate eyes. But the eyes in question aren't connected to a brain, because brains are entities that only multicellular organisms possess.
So, for all I know, someone has discovered some weird protist with some fungal features, and used the term 'fungoid' to describe it. But if so, it'll be completely new to me, and the resulting biological chimaera will likely end up inspiring some future
Alien style horror science fiction.
I'm now inspired to go trawling the literature just in case someone has actually found such a micro-beast ...